Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526 CE) ki sthapna 1206 CE mein hui, aur iska pehla ruling dynasty Slave Dynasty (jise Mamluk Dynasty ya Ilbari Dynasty bhi kaha jata hai) tha. Is dynasty ke initial phases ko shape karne wale do sabse prominent rulers the: Qutubuddin Aibak (the founder) aur Shamsuddin Iltutmish (the real consolidator of the Delhi Sultanate). Aibak ne Ghurid conquests ko secure kiya, jabki Iltutmish ne administration ko institutionalize kiya, capital Lahore se Delhi shift ki, Iqta system aur Turkan-i-Chahalgani (Chalisa) organize kiya, pure Arabic coinage (Silver Tanka aur Copper Jital) introduce kiya, aur Abbasid Caliph se formal recognition (Mansur) prapt ki.
SSC CGL (Tier 1 & Tier 2), RRB NTPC, NDA, CDS, UPSC Prelims aur State PSC (BPSC, UPPSC, RAS) exams ke Medieval History section mein Aibak ke titles (Lakhbaksh, Quran Khwan), architecture (Qutub Minar, Quwwat-ul-Islam, Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra), Iltutmish ke rivals (Tajuddin Yildiz, Nasiruddin Qabacha), Mongol threat under Genghis Khan (1221 CE), aur succession decisions (Razia Sultan) par har saal direct questions puche jaate hain. Niche high-yield study material, comparative analysis, aur 50 Moderate Exam-Standard Bilingual MCQs diye gaye hain jinhe attempt karke aap live scorecard check kar sakte hain.
📌 Table of Contents (Quick Navigation)
- Qutubuddin Aibak (1206–1210 CE): Foundation, Titles & Architecture
- Shamsuddin Iltutmish (1211–1236 CE): Real Consolidator & Key Reforms
- Comparative Analysis: Qutubuddin Aibak vs Shamsuddin Iltutmish
- Exam Weightage & Importance Matrix (SSC, Railway, State PSC & UPSC)
- 50 Practice MCQs (Bilingual Interactive Test)
- Download Slave Dynasty PDF Revision Notes
- Best Recommended Books for Medieval History
- Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Qutubuddin Aibak (1206–1210 CE): Foundation, Titles & Architecture
Aibak ek Turk tha jise bachpan mein Nishapur ke Qazi Fakhruddin Abdul Aziz Kufi ne kharida tha. Baad mein Muhammad Ghori ne use kharida aur uski loyality aur military acumen dekhkar use Amir-i-Akhur (Master of the Royal Stables) appoint kiya.
High-Yield Facts on Qutubuddin Aibak:
- Coronation & Capital: 1206 CE mein Muhammad Ghori ki maut ke baad Aibak ne Lahore mein throne sambhali. Usne apni capital Lahore rakhi (Delhi shift nahi ki).
- Titles & Status: Usne kabhi formal ‘Sultan’ ka title adopt nahi kiya aur na hi apne naam ke coins strike kiye ya Khutba padhwaya. Usne Malik aur Sipahsalar ke modest titles ke sath rule kiya. 1208 CE mein Ghori ke successor Ghiyasuddin Mahmud ne use Chatr (royal canopy) aur Mansur bhejkar formal manumission (daasata se mukti) di.
- Nicknames:
- Lakhbaksh (लाखबख्श): Giver of lakhs, due to his generous donations to charities and scholars.
- Quran Khwan (कुरान ख्वाँ): Reciter of the Quran with a melodious voice.
- Pillbaksh: Giver of elephants in charity.
- Architectural Contributions:
- Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque (Delhi): First congregational mosque built in Delhi (1193–1197 CE) on the citadel of Qila Rai Pithora using materials from 27 demolished temples.
- Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra (Ajmer): Built in 1199 CE on the ruins of a Sanskrit college founded by Chahamana king Vigraharaja IV (Visaladeva).
- Qutub Minar (Delhi): Started around 1199 CE in honor of the revered Sufi saint Khwaja Qutubuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki. Aibak only completed the basement and first storey.
- Literary Patronage: Hasan Nizami (author of Taj-ul-Ma’asir, the first official history of the Sultanate) aur Fakhr-i-Mudabbir (author of Adab-ul-Harb wash-Shuja’ah).
- Death: 1210 CE mein Lahore mein Chaugan (medieval polo) khelte hue ghode se girne ke karan uski maut ho gayi. Use Lahore mein dafnaya gaya (Anarkali Bazaar).
2. Shamsuddin Iltutmish (1211–1236 CE): Real Consolidator & Key Reforms
Aibak ke baad Lahore ke amiron ne Aram Shah ko gaddi par bithaya, lekin Delhi ke citizens aur Turkish nobles ne Badaun ke governor Shamsuddin Iltutmish (Aibak ka son-in-law aur slave) ko invite kiya. Iltutmish ne 1211 CE mein Battle of Jud (near Delhi) mein Aram Shah ko harakar throne capture ki.
Key Reforms & Strategic Measures of Iltutmish:
- Real Founder of Delhi Sultanate: Usne capital Lahore se Delhi transfer ki aur Delhi ko Sultanate ka permanent nerve-center banaya.
- Investiture from Caliph: February 1229 CE mein Baghdad ke Abbasid Caliph Al-Mustansir Billah se formal investiture (Mansur), Khilat (robe of honor), aur title Sultan-i-Azam (Grand Sultan) receive kiya, jisse Sultanate of Delhi ko ek sovereign Muslim state ka legal status mila.
- Suppression of Rivals:
- Tajuddin Yildiz: 1215–1216 CE mein Third Battle of Tarain mein Ghazni ke ruler Yildiz ko haraya; Yildiz ko capture karke Badaun fort mein execute kiya gaya.
- Nasiruddin Qabacha: 1228 CE mein Uch aur Bhakkar ke fort mein Qabacha ko gher liya; Qabacha Indus river mein doobkar mar gaya.
- Iwaz Khalji: Bengal ke rebellious governor ko harakar Bihar aur Bengal ko Delhi authority ke under laya.
- Mongol Crisis (1221 CE): Genghis Khan (Chengiz Khan) Khwarizm prince Jalaluddin Mangbarani ka peecha karte hue Indus river tak pahunch gaya. Mangbarani ne Iltutmish se political asylum mangi. Iltutmish ne diplomatic foresight dikhate hue yeh kehkar sharan dene se inkar kar diya ki “Delhi ki climate aapke anukool nahi hai”. Is smart decision ne newly founded Delhi Sultanate ko barbaric Mongol destruction se bacha liya.
- Turkan-i-Chahalgani (The Forty / Chalisa): Apne personal loyalists ka ek elite corps of 40 Turkish slave-officers banaya jo administration aur military campaigns ke key positions hold karte the.
- Iqta System: Administrative lands ko provinces/tracts mein divide kiya jinhe Iqtas kaha gaya. Inka charge Iqtadars / Muqtis / Walis ko diya gaya jo tax collect karte the, local order maintain karte the, aur military troops maintain karte the.
- Coinage Innovations: Iltutmish was the first ruler to introduce a pure Arabic coin system in India:
- Silver Tanka (चांदी का टंका): 175 grains pure silver coin.
- Copper Jital (तांबे का जीतल): Small denomination currency (1 Tanka = 48 Jitals).
- Coins par mint town ka naam aur Caliph ka naam engrave karwaya.
- Architecture Completed: Qutub Minar ki remaining storeys (completed up to 4 storeys; 225 ft), Hauz-i-Shamsi (water reservoir in Mehrauli), Shamsi Idgah (Badaun), Sultan Garhi (built in 1231 CE for his eldest deceased son Nasiruddin Mahmud – the first monumental Islamic tomb in India), aur Gandhak ki Baoli.
- Succession: Deathbed par apne incapable beto ko reject karke apni competent beti Razia Sultan ko heir-apparent nominate kiya.
3. Comparative Analysis: Qutubuddin Aibak vs Shamsuddin Iltutmish
| Attribute | Qutubuddin Aibak (1206–1210 CE) | Shamsuddin Iltutmish (1211–1236 CE) |
|---|---|---|
| Dynastic Tribe | Aibak tribe of Turks (Ay-bek: Moon Lord) | Ilbari Turkish tribe of Central Asia |
| Capital City | Lahore (governed whole tenure from Lahore) | Shifted seat of power permanently to Delhi |
| Royal Sovereign Title | Never assumed title of ‘Sultan’ (remained Malik & Sipahsalar) | Assumed ‘Sultan-i-Azam’ with legal recognition from Baghdad Caliph (1229) |
| Coinage | Did not mint coins in his own name | Introduced standard pure Arabic coins: Silver Tanka (175 gr) & Copper Jital |
| Administrative Machinery | Military-occupational camp administration | Institutionalized the Iqta system & created Turkan-i-Chahalgani (The Forty) |
| Qutub Minar Contribution | Laid foundation, built basement and 1st storey (~1199 CE) | Completed construction by adding 3 more storeys |
| Handling External Threats | Maintained diplomatic matrimonial alliances with Yildiz and Qabacha | Crushed Yildiz (1216) & Qabacha (1228); repelled Genghis Khan diplomatically (1221) |
| Mausoleum / Burial | Buried in Lahore (near Anarkali) | Buried in Qutub Complex, Mehrauli (Delhi) in a self-designed tomb |
4. Exam Weightage & Importance Matrix
| Exam Category | Expected History Qs | Slave Dynasty Weightage | High-Yield Exam Focus Areas |
|---|---|---|---|
| SSC CGL / CHSL / CPO | 4–6 Questions | 1–2 Direct Qs | Aibak titles (Lakhbaksh), death while playing Chaugan, Silver Tanka / Copper Jital weights, Qutub Minar dedications |
| RRB NTPC / Group D | 6–8 Questions | 1 Question | Founder of Slave dynasty, capital shift to Delhi, Battle of Tarain III (1216 CE), Chalisa founder |
| State PSC (BPSC, UPPSC, RAS, etc.) | 10–15 Questions | 2–3 Detailed Qs | Iqta system operation, Sultan Garhi tomb architecture, Caliph investiture year (1229), Mongol evasion diplomacy |
| UPSC Civil Services Prelims | 12–16 Questions | High Priority | Nature of Mamluk nobility, integration of North Indian agrarian economy via Iqta, numismatic evolution |
5. 50 Practice MCQs (Bilingual Interactive Test)
Is test ko real exam environment mein attempt karein. Kisi bhi option ko click karne par blue background highlight hoga. Jab aap 50 questions solve kar lein, aakhiri mein 🚀 Submit Test & Check Live Score button click karein. Sahi options Green, aapka galat selection Red, aur har question ka detailed solution reveal ho jayega.
Q1. Who was the founder of the Slave Dynasty (Mamluk Dynasty) in India in 1206 CE? / 1206 ईस्वी में भारत में गुलाम वंश (मामलुक वंश) का संस्थापक कौन था?
Explanation: Qutubuddin Aibak, a trusted Turkish slave general of Muhammad Ghori, founded the Slave Dynasty (Mamluk Dynasty) in 1206 CE after Ghori’s death.
Q2. What was the capital of the Delhi Sultanate during the reign of Qutubuddin Aibak (1206–1210 CE)? / कुतुबुद्दीन ऐबक के शासनकाल (1206–1210 ईस्वी) के दौरान दिल्ली सल्तनत की राजधानी क्या थी?
Explanation: Qutubuddin Aibak ruled from Lahore and kept it as his capital throughout his reign to monitor his rivals Tajuddin Yildiz and Nasiruddin Qabacha.
Q3. Which ruler of the Slave Dynasty was popularly known as ‘Lakhbaksh’ (Giver of Lakhs) due to his immense generosity? / अत्यधिक उदारता के कारण गुलाम वंश के किस शासक को ‘लाखबख्श’ (लाखों का दानी) कहा जाता था?
Explanation: Qutubuddin Aibak was bestowed with the epithet ‘Lakhbaksh’ because he distributed liberal gifts and donations worth lakhs of dinars to charities and scholars.
Q4. Which title was adopted by Qutubuddin Aibak instead of the sovereign title ‘Sultan’? / संप्रभु उपाधि ‘सुल्तान’ के स्थान पर कुतुबुद्दीन ऐबक ने कौन सी उपाधि धारण की थी?
Explanation: Aibak never proclaimed himself Sultan, nor did he strike coins or read Khutba in his own name. He ruled under the titles ‘Malik’ and ‘Sipahsalar’.
Q5. In which year and playing which sport did Qutubuddin Aibak meet an accidental death? / किस वर्ष और कौन सा खेल खेलते समय कुतुबुद्दीन ऐबक की आकस्मिक मृत्यु हुई थी?
Explanation: In 1210 CE, Aibak died of serious injuries sustained after falling from his horse while playing Chaugan (a medieval form of polo) in Lahore.
Q6. In honor of which famous Sufi saint did Qutubuddin Aibak commence the construction of the Qutub Minar? / किस प्रसिद्ध सूफी संत के सम्मान में कुतुबुद्दीन ऐबक ने कुतुब मीनार का निर्माण शुरू करवाया था?
Explanation: Qutub Minar was initiated in 1199 CE in dedication to the revered Chishti Sufi saint Khwaja Qutubuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki.
Q7. Which monument was constructed by Qutubuddin Aibak in Ajmer on the site of a dismantled Sanskrit college? / कुतुबुद्दीन ऐबक ने अजमेर में एक संस्कृत महाविद्यालय के स्थान पर किस स्मारक का निर्माण करवाया था?
Explanation: Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra was built in Ajmer in 1199 CE using the materials of a Sanskrit college and temples established by Chahamana king Vigraharaja IV.
Q8. Who was the immediate successor of Qutubuddin Aibak who ruled for about eight months before being deposed? / कुतुबुद्दीन ऐबक का तात्कालिक उत्तराधिकारी कौन था जिसने पदच्युत होने से पहले लगभग आठ महीने शासन किया था?
Explanation: Following Aibak’s sudden death in 1210 CE, the nobles at Lahore placed Aram Shah on the throne, but he was weak and incapable and was removed within eight months.
Q9. Which battle was fought between Iltutmish and Aram Shah in 1211 CE for the throne of Delhi? / दिल्ली के सिंहासन के लिए 1211 ईस्वी में इल्तुतमिश और आराम शाह के बीच कौन सा युद्ध लड़ा गया था?
Explanation: Iltutmish marched from Badaun and defeated Aram Shah at the Plain of Jud near Delhi in 1211 CE, establishing his undisputed accession.
Q10. Prior to ascending the throne of Delhi in 1211 CE, Iltutmish served as the governor of which province? / 1211 ईस्वी में दिल्ली के सिंहासन पर बैठने से पहले इल्तुतमिश किस प्रांत का गवर्नर (इक्तादार) था?
Explanation: Aibak had appointed Iltutmish as the governor of the strategically vital and prosperous iqta of Badaun (in modern Uttar Pradesh).
Q11. Who is universally regarded as the ‘Real Founder and Consolidator’ of the Delhi Sultanate? / दिल्ली सल्तनत का ‘वास्तविक संस्थापक एवं सुदृढ़ीकरणकर्ता’ किसे माना जाता है?
Explanation: Iltutmish shifted the capital to Delhi, obtained legal sanction from the Caliph, eliminated rival claimants, repelled the Mongols, and organized standard coinage and administration.
Q12. Which ruler shifted the capital of the Sultanate permanently from Lahore to Delhi? / किस शासक ने सल्तनत की राजधानी को लाहौर से स्थायी रूप से दिल्ली स्थानांतरित किया था?
Explanation: Iltutmish shifted the capital from Lahore to Delhi in 1211 CE, making Delhi the formal political center of the Sultanate for centuries to come.
Q13. In which battle did Iltutmish defeat his major rival Tajuddin Yildiz in 1215–1216 CE? / 1215–1216 ईस्वी में इल्तुतमिश ने अपने प्रमुख प्रतिद्वंद्वी ताजुद्दीन यिल्दिज को किस युद्ध में पराजित किया था?
Explanation: In the Third Battle of Tarain (1215–1216 CE), Iltutmish defeated Yildiz (ruler of Ghazni), imprisoned him in Badaun, and later had him executed.
Q14. In 1221 CE, the Mongols under Genghis Khan reached the banks of the Indus in pursuit of which Khwarazmian prince? / 1221 ईस्वी में चंगेज खान के नेतृत्व में मंगोल किस ख्वारिज्म राजकुमार का पीछा करते हुए सिंधु नदी के तट तक पहुँच गए थे?
Explanation: Crown Prince Jalaluddin Mangbarani fled to Punjab after the destruction of the Khwarazmian Empire by Genghis Khan.
Q15. How did Iltutmish save the infant Delhi Sultanate from the catastrophic wrath of Genghis Khan in 1221 CE? / 1221 ईस्वी में इल्तुतमish ने चंगेज खान के विनाशकारी प्रकोप से नवजात दिल्ली सल्तनत को कैसे बचाया?
Explanation: Iltutmish diplomatically declined Mangbarani’s appeal for asylum, stating Delhi’s climate was unsuitable, thereby depriving Genghis Khan of any pretext to invade India.
Q16. What was the elite corps of forty loyal Turkish slave officers organized by Iltutmish called? / इल्तुतमिश द्वारा गठित चालीस वफादार तुर्क गुलाम अधिकारियों के कुलीन दल को क्या कहा जाता था?
Explanation: Iltutmish formed the ‘Turkan-i-Chahalgani’ (The Corp of Forty), an oligarchic body of elite Turkish slaves that came to dominate court politics.
Q17. Which administrative system of dividing the empire into revenue-collecting tracts was institutionalized by Iltutmish? / साम्राज्य को राजस्व एकत्रित करने वाले भू-भागों में विभाजित करने की कौन सी प्रशासनिक प्रणाली इल्तुतमिश द्वारा संस्थागत की गई थी?
Explanation: Iltutmish institutionalized the Iqta system, distributing revenue territories (Iqtas) to military commanders (Iqtadars/Muqtis) for revenue collection and maintenance of troops.
Q18. What were the two standard coins introduced by Iltutmish in India? / इल्तुतमिश द्वारा भारत में शुरू किए गए दो मानक सिक्के कौन से थे?
Explanation: Iltutmish introduced standard pure Arabic coinage: the Silver Tanka weighing 175 grains and the Copper Jital.
Q19. What was the standard weight of the Silver Tanka introduced by Iltutmish? / इल्तुतमिश द्वारा जारी किए गए चांदी के टंके का मानक भार कितना था?
Explanation: The silver Tanka of Iltutmish weighed 175 grains (approximately 11.33 grams) and became the foundation for future Sultanate currency.
Q20. In 1229 CE, Iltutmish received formal recognition (Mansur and Khilat) from which Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad? / 1229 ईस्वी में इल्तुतमिश ने बगदाद के किस अब्बासी खलीफा से औपचारिक मान्यता (मंसूर और खिलअत) प्राप्त की थी?
Explanation: In February 1229 CE, Caliph Al-Mustansir Billah of Baghdad granted Iltutmish a deed of investiture and the title ‘Sultan-i-Azam’.
Q21. How many storeys of the Qutub Minar were originally completed during the reign of Iltutmish? / इल्तुतमिश के शासनकाल में कुतुब मीनार की मूलतः कितनी मंजिलें पूरी की गई थीं?
Explanation: Aibak had built only the first storey. Iltutmish added three more storeys, completing it as a four-storey minaret. (Firoz Shah Tughlaq later repaired it, creating the 4th and 5th storeys).
Q22. Which monument built by Iltutmish in Delhi in 1231 CE is regarded as the first monumental Islamic mausoleum (tomb) in India? / 1231 ईस्वी में दिल्ली में इल्तुतमिश द्वारा निर्मित किस स्मारक को भारत का पहला स्मारकीय इस्लामी मकबरा माना जाता है?
Explanation: Sultan Garhi was built by Iltutmish in 1231 CE for his eldest son Nasiruddin Mahmud, making it the earliest monumental Muslim tomb constructed in India.
Q23. Which large water reservoir in Mehrauli was constructed by Iltutmish following a divine vision? / महरौली में किस बड़े जलाशय का निर्माण इल्तुतमिश द्वारा एक दिव्य स्वप्न के उपरांत करवाया गया था?
Explanation: Hauz-i-Shamsi (Shamsi pool) was constructed by Iltutmish in 1230 CE in Mehrauli to supply water to the surrounding settlement.
Q24. Who was the official court historian who wrote ‘Taj-ul-Ma’asir’, patronized by both Aibak and Iltutmish? / ‘ताज-उल-माआसिर’ के लेखक आधिकारिक दरबारी इतिहासकार कौन थे, जिन्हें ऐबक और इल्तुतमिश दोनों का संरक्षण प्राप्त था?
Explanation: Sadruddin Muhammad Hasan Nizami migrated from Nishapur to Delhi and penned ‘Taj-ul-Ma’asir’, the primary contemporary source for the early Sultanate.
Q25. Whom did Iltutmish nominate as his successor on his deathbed, breaking the traditional patriarchal convention? / पारंपरिक पितृसत्तात्मक परिपाटी को तोड़ते हुए इल्तुतमिश ने अपनी मृत्युशय्या पर किसे अपना उत्तराधिकारी नामित किया था?
Explanation: Deeming his surviving sons incompetent and pleasure-loving, Iltutmish designated his gifted daughter Razia as his rightful successor.
Q26. What does the word ‘Mamluk’ literally mean in Arabic? / अरबी भाषा में ‘मामलुक’ शब्द का शाब्दिक अर्थ क्या है?
Explanation: ‘Mamluk’ translates to ‘owned’ or ‘possessed’ and referred specifically to white military slaves of non-slave parents.
Q27. How was Iltutmish related to Qutubuddin Aibak? / इल्तुतमिश का कुतुबुद्दीन ऐबक से क्या संबंध था?
Explanation: Iltutmish was bought by Aibak, rose through merit, and married one of Aibak’s daughters, earning the epithet “Slave of a Slave” (Ghulam ka Ghulam).
Q28. What does the Turkish word ‘Aibak’ mean? / तुर्की शब्द ‘ऐबक’ का क्या अर्थ होता है?
Explanation: ‘Ay’ means Moon and ‘Bek/Bak’ means Lord/Master; hence ‘Aibak’ translates to ‘Lord of the Moon’.
Q29. Which rebellious ruler of Multan and Sindh drowned in the Indus River after being besieged by Iltutmish in 1228 CE? / 1228 ईस्वी में इल्तुतमिश द्वारा घेरे जाने के बाद मुल्तान और सिंध का कौन सा विद्रोही शासक सिंधु नदी में डूब गया था?
Explanation: Trapped in the island fortress of Bhakkar, Nasiruddin Qabacha drowned in the Indus while attempting to escape in 1228 CE.
Q30. Who was appointed as the Chief Qazi of Delhi (Qazi-i-Mamalik) by Iltutmish and authored ‘Tabaqat-i-Nasiri’? / इल्तुतमिश द्वारा दिल्ली का मुख्य काजी किसे नियुक्त किया गया था जिन्होंने ‘तबाकत-ए-नासिरी’ की रचना की?
Explanation: Minhaj-i-Siraj arrived in Delhi in 1227 CE and was appointed head of the Gwalior Madrasa and later Chief Qazi of Delhi by Iltutmish.
Q31. Which Rajput fortress was captured by Iltutmish in 1226 CE, re-establishing Turkish sway in Rajasthan? / 1226 ईस्वी में इल्तुतमिश ने किस प्रसिद्ध राजपूत दुर्ग पर कब्जा कर राजस्थान में तुर्की प्रभाव पुनः स्थापित किया था?
Explanation: In 1226 CE, Iltutmish marched into Rajasthan and successfully captured the formidable stronghold of Ranthambore, followed by Mandore.
Q32. In 1234–35 CE, Iltutmish led an expedition against Malwa and raided which famous ancient temple? / 1234–35 ईस्वी में इल्तुतमिश ने मालवा के विरुद्ध अभियान का नेतृत्व कर किस प्रसिद्ध प्राचीन मंदिर पर छापा मारा था?
Explanation: During his Malwa campaign in 1234–35 CE, Iltutmish captured Bhilsa (Vidisha) and destroyed the historic Mahakaleshwar temple at Ujjain.
Q33. Where is the mausoleum of Qutubuddin Aibak located? / कुतुबुद्दीन ऐबक का मकबरा कहाँ स्थित है?
Explanation: Aibak was buried in Lahore near Anarkali Bazaar, where his tomb stands today.
Q34. What was the name of the gold and silver coins bearing bilingual Devanagari inscriptions discontinued by Iltutmish in favor of pure Arabic calligraphy? / विशुद्ध अरबी सुलेख के पक्ष में इल्तुतमिश द्वारा बंद किए गए देवनागरी शिलालेख वाले सिक्कों को क्या कहा जाता था?
Explanation: The mixed-metal coins circulating in Delhi with horseman motifs and Nagari legends were known as ‘Dehliwal’. Iltutmish replaced them with the Tanka and Jital.
Q35. Which tribe of Turks did Shamsuddin Iltutmish belong to? / शम्सुद्दीन इल्तुतमिश तुर्कों की किस जनजाति से संबंधित था?
Explanation: Iltutmish belonged to the noble Ilbari tribe of Central Asian Turks.
Q36. How many Jitals were legally equivalent to one Silver Tanka during the Sultanate under Iltutmish? / इल्तुतमिश के काल में एक चांदी के टंके के बराबर कानूनी रूप से कितने जीतल होते थे?
Explanation: The monetary exchange ratio established under Iltutmish equated 1 Silver Tanka to 48 Copper Jitals.
Q37. Which famous scholar penned ‘Adab-ul-Harb wash-Shuja’ah’, the earliest treatise on the art of warfare in India, dedicated to Iltutmish? / इल्तुतमिश को समर्पित युद्ध कला पर भारत के सबसे पहले ग्रंथ ‘अदाब-उल-हर्ब वश-शुजाअत’ की रचना किसने की थी?
Explanation: Fakhr-i-Mudabbir authored this military manual describing tactics, weapons, and court etiquette, presenting it to Sultan Iltutmish.
Q38. Why was Qutubuddin Aibak given the nickname ‘Quran Khwan’? / कुतुबुद्दीन ऐबक को ‘कुरान ख्वाँ’ उपनाम क्यों दिया गया था?
Explanation: In his youth, Aibak memorized the Quran and recited it with such melodious precision that he earned the title ‘Quran Khwan’.
Q39. Where is the Tomb of Iltutmish, famous for its squinch arches and intricate red sandstone carvings, situated? / स्कविंच मेहराबों और लाल बलुआ पत्थर की नक्काशी के लिए प्रसिद्ध इल्तुतमिश का मकबरा कहाँ स्थित है?
Explanation: The self-designed tomb of Iltutmish (built in 1235 CE) stands just outside the northwest corner of the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque in Mehrauli.
Q40. Who brought Bengal and Bihar firmly under Delhi’s suzerainty by defeating the rebel Husamuddin Iwaz Khalji in 1225 CE? / 1225 ईस्वी में विद्रोही हुसामुद्दीन इवाज खिलजी को हराकर बंगाल और बिहार को दिल्ली की अधीनता में कौन लाया था?
Explanation: Iltutmish marched eastward in 1225 CE, forcing Iwaz to accept Delhi’s suzerainty and pay tribute. Later his son Nasiruddin Mahmud defeated and killed Iwaz in 1227 CE.
Q41. What post was held by Qutubuddin Aibak under Muhammad Ghori before the conquest of Delhi? / दिल्ली की विजय से पहले मुहम्मद गोरी के अधीन कुतुबुद्दीन ऐबक किस पद पर कार्यरत था?
Explanation: Ghori appointed Aibak as ‘Amir-i-Akhur’ (Officer commanding the imperial horse stables) for his diligence and administrative fidelity.
Q42. Which ruler minted the name of his beloved daughter ‘Razia’ on his coins alongside his own after the victory of Gwalior in 1232 CE? / 1232 ईस्वी में ग्वालियर विजय के बाद किस शासक ने अपने सिक्कों पर अपने नाम के साथ अपनी पुत्री ‘रजिया’ का नाम अंकित करवाया था?
Explanation: After his successful Gwalior campaign (1231–32 CE), during which Razia had capably managed Delhi’s affairs, Iltutmish ordered coins minted bearing her name as his heir.
Q43. What major religious and secular building did Iltutmish erect in the city of Badaun? / इल्तुतमिश ने बदायूँ शहर में किस प्रमुख धार्मिक इमारत का निर्माण करवाया था?
Explanation: While governor and later sultan, Iltutmish constructed the grand Jami Masjid of Badaun (completed around 1223 CE), one of the largest mosques of that era.
Q44. Which prominent Sufi saint of the Suhrawardi silsila settled in Multan and maintained friendly political relations with Iltutmish? / सुहरावर्दी सिलसिले के कौन से प्रमुख सूफी संत मुल्तान में बसे और इल्तुतमिश के साथ मैत्रीपूर्ण राजनीतिक संबंध बनाए रखे?
Explanation: Sheikh Bahauddin Zakariya supported Iltutmish against Nasiruddin Qabacha, and Iltutmish rewarded him with the title ‘Shaikh-ul-Islam’.
Q45. Why did the Turkish nobility in Delhi prefer Iltutmish over Aram Shah in 1211 CE? / 1211 ईस्वी में दिल्ली के तुर्क रईसों ने आराम शाह के स्थान पर इल्तुतमिश को क्यों प्राथमिकता दी?
Explanation: Led by Ali Ismail, the nobles and citizens of Delhi invited Iltutmish due to his proven administrative track record at Badaun and Aram Shah’s utter incompetence.
Q46. In the Iqta system established by Iltutmish, what was the surplus revenue sent to the central treasury after meeting military and administrative expenses called? / इल्तुतमिश द्वारा स्थापित इक्ता प्रणाली में सैन्य और प्रशासनिक खर्चों के बाद केंद्रीय खजाने को भेजे जाने वाले अतिरिक्त राजस्व को क्या कहा जाता था?
Explanation: The balance surplus revenue remitted by an Iqtadar/Muqti to the central exchequer after deducting sanctioned expenditure was termed ‘Fawazil’.
Q47. What was the ancient name of the fortress in Delhi around which Qutubuddin Aibak built the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque? / दिल्ली के उस किले का प्राचीन नाम क्या था जिसके चारों ओर कुतुबुद्दीन ऐबक ने कुव्वत-उल-इस्लाम मस्जिद का निर्माण करवाया था?
Explanation: The mosque was raised within Qila Rai Pithora, the fortified city of Prithviraj Chauhan (Prithviraj III), representing the first of the seven historical cities of Delhi.
Q48. Which famous gate in Nagaur (Rajasthan) was erected by Iltutmish in honor of Sufi saint Hamiduddin Nagauri? / सूफी संत हमीदुद्दीन नागौरी के सम्मान में इल्तुतमिश द्वारा नागौर (राजस्थान) में कौन सा प्रसिद्ध दरवाजा बनवाया गया था?
Explanation: Atarkin Ka Darwaza was constructed in 1230 CE by Iltutmish at Nagaur and later served as an inspiration for Akbar’s Buland Darwaza at Fatehpur Sikri.
Q49. In which year did Shamsuddin Iltutmish die after ruling for 25 years? / 25 वर्षों तक शासन करने के बाद शम्सुद्दीन इल्तुतमिश की मृत्यु किस वर्ष हुई थी?
Explanation: In April 1236 CE, Iltutmish fell critically ill during an expedition towards Bamyan and passed away in Delhi.
Q50. Which historical lineage is represented by the rulers Qutubuddin Aibak and Iltutmish? / कुतुबुद्दीन ऐबक और इल्तुतमिश किस ऐतिहासिक राजवंश का प्रतिनिधित्व करते हैं?
Explanation: Aibak and Iltutmish formed the core founders of the Early Turkish Sultanate, traditionally called the Slave Dynasty (1206–1290 CE).
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🔙 Go to Main Competitive Exam Notes Hub (All Subjects) ➔7. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1. Why is Shamsuddin Iltutmish called the “Real Founder” of the Delhi Sultanate rather than Qutubuddin Aibak?
Although Qutubuddin Aibak established the dynasty in 1206 CE, he ruled for only four years from Lahore, never minted coins in his name, and held the modest titles of Malik and Sipahsalar. Iltutmish, on the other hand, made Delhi the imperial capital, obtained formal legal sovereignty from the Abbasid Caliph in 1229 CE, established standard Arabic coinage (Silver Tanka and Copper Jital), organized the administrative Iqta system, and built an effective standing military corps (Turkan-i-Chahalgani).
Q2. What was the ‘Turkan-i-Chahalgani’ (Chalisa) created by Iltutmish?
Turkan-i-Chahalgani (also known as ‘The Forty’) was an elite body of forty trusted Turkish slave officers organized by Iltutmish to serve as key administrators, governors, and military commanders. Following Iltutmish’s death, this group became an all-powerful kingmaking oligarchy that dominated court politics until it was systematically crushed by Ghiyasuddin Balban.
Q3. How did Iltutmish handle the Mongol threat posed by Genghis Khan in 1221 CE?
When the Mongol conqueror Genghis Khan reached the banks of the Indus in pursuit of the fugitive Khwarazmian Crown Prince Jalaluddin Mangbarani, Mangbarani requested political asylum in Delhi. Recognizing that the nascent Sultanate could not withstand a Mongol invasion, Iltutmish politely declined asylum on the pretext that Delhi’s hot climate would harm the prince’s health, thus adroitly steering Genghis Khan away from Indian territory.
Q4. What were the Silver Tanka and Copper Jital introduced by Iltutmish?
Iltutmish was the first ruler to introduce a pure Arabic coin system in India. The Silver Tanka had a standardized weight of 175 grains (approx. 11.33 grams) of pure silver, and the Copper Jital served as the smaller everyday denomination, with 1 Silver Tanka legally equivalent to 48 Copper Jitals. These coins bore the name of the Baghdad Caliph and the Sultan alongside the mint town name.
- Slave Dynasty Notes PDF: Aibak, Iltutmish & 50 MCQs
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